In the late Neolithic period, the Hongshan culture that originated in the Liaohe River Basin in the north and the Liangzhu Culture that originated in the Taihu Lake Basin in the south together formed the climax of Chinese jade manufacturing in the late primitive society. In the early days of the slavery society and the heyday of the Shang and Shang dynasties, due to the development of society, especially the use of bronze tools, another climax of jade manufacturing in the history of Chinese civilization was formed. Xia Shang jade, in terms of the choice of jade material, is slightly different, and the methods of shape, ornamentation, and jade jade are similar. This article will discuss these two dynasties together. Xia Shang jade material The selection of Xia Shang jade, in addition to the main jade materials that have been seen in the culture of the Neolithic tools, such as serpentine, has been scientifically verified to have used Kunlun jade (Tremolite) produced in Xinjiang and a small amount of Nanyang, Henan. The area is "Dushan jade". For example, in the jade unearthed from the tomb of the Yinxu “Wuhao†excavated in 1976, there is a large amount of jade material produced in Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang. Regarding the use of the jade materials produced by the Kunlun Mountains in the Western Qin Dynasty, there are not only a large number of unearthed physical objects, but also the myths and legends of Zhou Muwang who met with the Western Queen in the Kunlun Mountain Yaochi, also known as the Yushan Mountain. . Xia Shang jade variety Xia Shang bid farewell to the Stone Age into the Bronze Age, which had a profound impact on the manufacture of jade. Specifically, it includes two aspects: First, because the extensive use of bronze is a jade tool, it not only improves the efficiency, but also makes it easier to manufacture than the complicated jade in the previous period. Second, because the shape and ornamentation of the Xia Shang bronzes is extremely rapid, it is also Jade production in the same era provides a wealth of material. It turns out that in addition to the bronzes that are larger in size, the jade can't be emulated. The smaller bronzes and their ornaments often have corresponding jade. It can be said that the mutual promotion of bronze and jade has accelerated their respective development. There are many varieties of Xia Shang jade, and many new varieties have been developed during this period. The practical jade as a tool and weapon has been gradually reduced, and it is mainly used for sacrificing, playing or instrumental instruments, such as jade axe for etiquette. , jade shovel, jade knife, jade, jade, jade; ç’§, ç®, ç’œ in the ritual; jade bracelet as a headgear, headband and handicraft; plate, enamel, etc. In particular, the accessories are extremely rich, such as fish and insects, birds and animals, animal animals, strange birds, monsters, dragons, and gods and ghosts. Xia Shang jade ornamentation and craft features The Xia Shang jade ornament is colorful. Among them, the double-yin line ç £ pattern discovered from the Xia Dynasty is very characteristic, its line is just strong and strong, the joint at the corner is tough, sometimes it can't be connected or overlapped, and the strength is very strong; the Xia Shang double hook “Chen†word line is the first one. Afterwards, several dynasties were attacked. In particular, the god face or the animal face pattern widely used by Xia Shang is developed from the gods and gods of the late Neolithic culture. There are crepe lines, cow face lines, sheep face lines, etc. Also appeared in the bronzes of the same period, showing the mutual influence of various crafts. Due to the wide application of bronze tools, the punching of Xia Shang jade has been greatly improved compared with the previous period. In addition to the perforation in the early stage, there are also more standardized round holes that are punched from one direction and trimmed after the perforation is completed. . The double-sided perforated flare is less pronounced than in the previous period, but it is still flared or funnel shaped. Xia Shang jade has also made important breakthroughs in the production of craftsmanship. For example, the color of different jade materials was used to create the "fancy color". On the basis of the jade carving jade, the invention of the live ring set technique and the use of metal tweezers to drive the jade sand Jade jade pattern and so on. Xia Dynasty and Yin Shang "Women are good" Tomb unearthed from the tomb When discussing Xia Shang jade, it is inevitable to talk about the Erlitou culture discovered in Yanshi County, Luoyang County, Henan Province, and the jade artifacts unearthed from the Yin Shang "Women" tomb. In addition to the discovery of jade, the former also saw its current city site, confirming the existence of the Xia Dynasty. In the jade, there is a handle, which is of great scientific, historical and artistic value. This variety was first discovered, so it was listed as a national treasure. Shangwang Paneng moved from Luoyang to Yin (now Anyang City, Henan Province), and the history is called Yin Shang. Today, the Yinshang site is called “Yin Ruinsâ€. It was famous in the 1920s and 1930s. Especially in recent decades, the site has been cleaned and excavated on a large scale, and a large number of jade articles have been unearthed. Among them, 755 jade articles were unearthed from the tomb of "Women", which almost included the jade varieties in the central area of ​​the Shang Dynasty. Among the jade articles unearthed from the tomb of "Women", there are ç’§, ç®, ç’œ, ç‘— (大å”ç’§) and rings in the "six wares"; there are 立体, 盘 and ä¼¼ 祀 有 åŠ å¯ä»¥ å¯ä»¥ å¯ä»¥a shackle that symbolizes a certain kind of nature or object, etc., and a shovel, axe, a spear, a shovel, a big knife for the tool, a shovel, a chisel, a saw, a hoe, etc. Color plate, enamel, comb, handle, pendant, etc. The most eye-catching and astounding unearthed from the tomb of "Women" is the discovery of a large number of exquisite works of art such as artifacts and living creatures. They have both round carvings, piece carvings, and enamel carvings. Among them, there are people who have face or human head shape, two erects of different genders, sideways squatters and knee-squatters. They provide an important basis for the study of character modeling and costumes. Among the living things, there are dozens of dragons, bears, cows, dogs, sheep, parrots, swallows, baboons, geese, frogs, turtles, toads, toads, and geckos. Through the jade unearthed from the tomb of "Wuhao", we can see the whole picture of the Xia Shang Dynasty jade. Cosmetic Packaging Boxes, Cosmetic Box, Skin care packaging box Shenzhen Yi Ding Peng Packaging Design Co., Ltd. , https://www.szydppackages.com