Empress Dowager Cixi's "Favorite" Tourbillon

The tourmaline homophonic "dispels evil spirits", which generates heat when heated, and the mineralogical name is "tourmaline." It is the favorite of the Empress Dowager Cixi. In the palace of the Qing Dynasty in China, there are more beggar ornaments.

Now, the tourmaline is a favorite mid-range gemstone variety, known as the October birthstone. As the crystal heats up, the price of tourmaline is also rising fast. About the price of tourmaline can refer to the tourmaline set of Jinjie.com.

Often multi-color symbiosis, and the phenomenon of common two-color symbiosis, according to "Zhou Yi", red and yellow as the yang, green and white as the yin, yin and yang and all things, is also known as the gems of the style. The colors are best in rose red, purple, green and pure blue, followed by pink and yellow, brown and black, and colorless for the second time.

The composition of tourmaline is a complex silicate with a Mohs hardness of 77.5 and a specific gravity change of 2.93.2 and a refractive index of 1.6241.644. Under normal circumstances, the tourmaline raw material is long columnar, the column has longitudinal stripes, the cross section of the crystal is curved triangle, and the raw materials are easy to identify.

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Tourmaline

Various crystals (pink topaz, red spinel, andalusite) are mainly mixed with pink topaz, red spinel, andalusite, which can be identified by heavy liquid method.

Use a bottle of 3.06Scm3 heavy liquid to simultaneously release the red tourmaline in the heavy liquid to suspend or slowly sink, while the red topaz and red spinel sink quickly, and the falling speed of andalusite is also greater than that of red tourmaline. This can pick out the red tourmaline.

Green tourmaline is mainly mixed with olivine, green diopside, green garnet and so on. Since the tourmaline has a large double-fold ratio, a clear rear facet spectator can be observed at a suitable position without garnet. The inner pericarp of olivine and tourmaline is distinctly different. The olivine has characteristic water lily-like inclusions and the tourmaline contains typical irregular linear and thin cavities. A large number of parallel fibers can be seen in the local tourmaline. The tourmaline is a one-axis crystal that moves up and down in the two shadow boundaries of the refractometer, and the other does not move. The two shaded boundaries of the green diopside can move up and down, and the diopside refractive index is higher than the tourmaline.

The glass can counterfeit the tourmaline of all colors. The polarizer can be used to find that the glass is completely dark, while the tourmaline is invisible to the four bright and four dark. Observing the glass counterfeit can not observe the rear facet vertices at any angle. . Tourmaline has strong pleochroism, which is obvious with a dichroic mirror, while glass has no pleochroism.

There is also a thermoelectricity in the tourmaline that is different from the one that looks like a gem. The tourmaline is heated by heat, friction or the sun, and its appearance is charged. These charges are attractive to the opposite-charged charges in the air, and can absorb dust, paper dust, and the like with an opposite charge in the air. This is a unique feature of the tourmaline. You can do simple tests in this way.

There are two types of rare imitations, one is artificially colored with five-color tourmaline: one is made of red glass. The method of identification is that the true tourmaline often has obvious dichroism, and the double shadow is visible: the tubular wrap or the cotton batt is visible in the body, and the cross section of the crystal is a triangular triangle. These characteristics are the tourmaline dyed by workers who do not have the imitation goods. Because of the color stagnation and the lack of natural tourmaline, it is not difficult to identify.

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UV fluorescence: only pink tourmalines have weak purple fluorescence and no other.

Other features: a linear gas-liquid inclusion. It has strong dichroism, ribbon, birefringence double shadow, and a large number of parallel fibers can be seen in the local tourmaline.

The key to the identification is that the long columnar and cross-sections of the tourmaline feature are curved triangles: they often have obvious dichroism and visible double shadows.

Precautions

Nowadays, many cheap "explosive flower tourmalines" on the market are played with "popcorn crystal", because the color of the popcorn crystal looks like a high-end tourmaline, but it is not really a tourmaline, so everyone should be careful not to mistake it for high-end tourmaline. .

Popcorn crystal, which is often called “popcorn crystal” in the crystal industry, is formed by the secondary treatment of natural crystal. (The natural crystal is heated in about 400 degrees and then placed in ice water, then It is artificially added, processed, repeated several times, and screened. It sells styles, because the crystal itself is no longer a natural color and shape, and the energy loss to the crystal is still very large. Many of them are processed and changed. Does not have the crystal spirituality corresponding to natural crystal. Because it is processed, the finished product form and color are diverse.

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