In our Tibetan culture, Tibetans believe that turquoise is the embodiment of God and also symbolizes power and status, thus becoming the most fashionable sacred ornament. Turquoise was used to decorate the crown of the first Tibetan king and was also used as a offering for the altar. Turquoise is usually classified by origin, color, luster, texture, structure and structure, and many classifications are more or less extended to the quality level of turquoise and thus have a hierarchical meaning. Turquoise by color A, blue turquoise (Blueturquoise): blue, opaque block, sometimes dark blue; B, light blue turquoise (Palablueturquoise): light blue, opaque block; C, Blue-green turquoise (Blue-green turquoise): blue-green, opaque block; D, Green Turquoise (Green Turquoise): green, opaque block; E, Yellow-green turquoise (Yellow-greenturquoise): yellow-green, opaque block; F, Greenish turquoise (Greenishturquoise): light green, opaque block. Turquoise by region A. Nishapur Turquoise: Produced in the Nishapur area on the Mount Ali Miesel in northern Iran. The ancient Chinese called "returning to the Dianzi", and Japan and other countries called "Oriental Turquoise". B. Sinai Turquoise: Located on the Sinai Peninsula, it is the oldest turquoise mine in the world. C, American Turquoise: Produced in the southwestern states of the United States, especially Arizona. D. Hubei Turquoise: Turquoise produced in northwestern Hubei Province, anciently known as "Jingzhou Stone" or "Yangyangdianzi. Hubei has a large production of turquoise and excellent quality. It is well-known in China and abroad. It is mainly distributed in Jixian, Zhushan and Daixi in the northwest of Hubei. In other places, the mine is located in the western end of the Wudang Mountains and in parts of the south of Hanshui. According to the place of origin, there are also Egyptian turquoise, Chilean turquoise, Australian turquoise, and so on. However, some names of origins not only represent the place of origin, but also represent and indicate the quality level of turquoise, so these names also have a quality rating. Turquoise classified by structure, etc. A. Transparent turquoise: refers to transparent turquoise crystals. Very rare, only produced in Virginia, USA, after honing transparent gems weigh less than 1 carat; B. Blocky turquoise: refers to dense blocky turquoise, which is bright in color, fine in texture, tough and smooth, and is the main material of jade carving, which is quite common; C, tuberculous turquoise: refers to the shape of a spherical, ellipsoidal, grape-shaped, pincus-shaped turquoise, the size of the tuberculosis is very different; D, blue turquoise: also known as "lace turquoise", refers to the turquoise formed by the presence of iron with a spider web pattern; E, iron wire turquoise: refers to the surface of the turquoise with a fine iron black line; F, porcelain turquoise: refers to the sky blue, the texture is dense and tough, the fracture is broken like a porcelain break, the unusual bright turquoise, the quality is good; G, veined turquoise: refers to the veins that are veined and present in the broken zone of the surrounding rock; H, variegated turquoise: refers to the speckled, star-like structure of turquoise due to the inclusion of kaolinite and limonite, the quality is poor; I, face loose: refers to the texture is not strong turquoise, the fracture is granular, the hardness is small, can be scored with nails. Some blocks are available; J, foaming: refers to the turquoise which is softer than the surface, which is inferior and cannot be used as jade carving material. However, this turquoise has been artificially colored and glued to become an optimized turquoise variety. Turquoise category rating International division Turquoise is a high-quality jade material. It was called the jewel of heaven in the Qing Dynasty in China. Turquoise differs in color depending on the elements it contains. The oxides are blue when they contain copper and green when they contain iron. Among them, blue, dark blue is opaque or slightly transparent, the color is uniform, the gloss is soft, and the quality of the brown-free iron wire is the best. Related reading: Turquoise impresses you with ancient beauty! The turquoise texture is delicate and soft, the hardness is moderate, the color is delicate and feminine, but the color, hardness and quality are quite different. Usually divided into four varieties, namely porcelain pine, green pine, foam (face) pine and wire pine. Porcelain pine: It is the hardest turquoise in texture and has a hardness of 5.5~6. Because the fracture is similar to the shell shape, the polished texture after polishing is very similar to porcelain, hence the name. Usually the color is pure sky blue, which is the best in turquoise. Green pine: color from blue green to bean green, hardness is 4.5~5.5, slightly lower than porcelain pine. It is a medium quality turquoise. Foaming: Also known as the surface pine, it is light blue to moon white, the hardness is below 4.5, and can be scored with a knife. Because this turquoise is soft and loose, only a large piece has a use value, which is the finest quality of turquoise. However, in today's increasingly scarce turquoise raw materials, artificial treatment methods such as injection molding, wax injection and dyeing are often used to improve the quality and appearance, and thus "waste utilization". Pinus sylvestris: There are black limonite veins in the turquoise which are distributed in a network, making the blue or green turquoise appear as a turquoise species with black turtles, nets or veins. . The limonite veins on it are called "iron wires". The iron wire is slender, the bond is firm, the quality is hard, and it is integrated with the turquoise stone, so that the pine stone has a natural pattern like the ink line, which is beautiful and unique. Turquoise with beautiful spider webs can also be a good product. However, if the netting is composed of clayy fine veins, it is called mudline turquoise. Mudstone is not firmly cemented and has a soft texture, which is basically useless. Domestic division According to color, luster, texture and blockiness, the Chinese arts and crafts industry generally divides turquoise into three levels: (1) First-grade turquoise: It is a bright sky blue, with pure and uniform color, strong luster, translucent to slightly transparent, and a glassy surface. The texture is dense, delicate, tough, without iron wire or other defects, and the blockiness is large. (2) Secondary turquoise: dark blue, blue green, emerald green, strong luster, slightly transparent. The texture is tough, the iron wire or other defects are few, and the blockiness is medium. (3) Three-level turquoise: light blue or blue-white, light yellow-green and other colors, poor gloss, relatively stiff texture, obvious iron wire, or more defects such as white brain, tendons, and heart, and the block size varies.
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