How many kinds of jasper are there in the world?

In the eyes of many people, it seems that overnight, the collection market has shown a booming situation – the rapid return of culture to wake up is amazing. The trend of love jade and jade is even more so. However, it is precisely because of too rapid expansion, the knowledge reserves and cultural cognition of many collectors are also relatively lacking in the rush, which affects the judgment of the value of collection. Just like Jasper, as an important traditional jade collection, its history, origin, production, quality evaluation, collection and positioning, etc., many collectors' understanding is still vague.

碧玉

Jasper three-legged double-eared lion button furnace

What is jasper?

The origin of Chinese Jasper is in Manas on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. When Manas Jasper began to be used, it was impossible to verify it, but it was undoubtedly exploited in the early Qing Dynasty. The Royalist official built this green jade factory, and Jasper became an important jade species used by the Qing court.

According to the "Three States Collection" records: "Manas City more than 100 miles, the name of Qingshuiquan (now Qingshuihe), and the West more than 100 miles of the famous back ditch, and more than a hundred miles of the famous ditch, are producing green jade. In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong (1789), the green jade factory was closed and mining was forbidden." Many mines were not known for many years. Until 1973, the old artist of Beijing Jade Factory, Mo Ying, acquired a piece in Manas County. Jasper as a clue, after a few days of visits, finally found the location of the Jasper deposit, saw the site of the jade mine during the Qianlong period, and established the Manas jade mine. The jasper variety has entered the vision of contemporary people.

The texture of Manas Biji is fine and uniform, and the volume of production is large. The colors are green, grayish green, black and green. There are often black spots in the ore body. Manas Jasper is very suitable for utensils. Its color is calm and the utensils give a firm and heavy feeling. Although Jasper is not as valuable as the white jade, it is still a very important variety among the nephrite family. Of the 367 jade articles collected by Mr. Yang Boda in the sixth volume of the Complete Works of Chinese Jade, 48 are made of jasper. Jade objects played an important role in the royal jade in the Qing Dynasty. At the 2006 auction of Christie's in Hong Kong, a piece of royal jellyfish in the Qing Emperor Qianlong period shot at HK$6.28 million, and the price was no different from the royal white jadeware at the same time.

How much does contemporary jasper know?

1. Xinjiang jasper: Xinjiang jasper is mainly produced by Manas jasper mine. Since the construction of Manas jasper mine in 1973, according to "China Hetian Jade", the annual output of the mine is at least 1 ton, the highest is 35 tons. Among them, the output was large from 1973 to 1978, with an average annual mining volume of about 15 tons. In 1979, the lowest was 1 ton. From 1981 to 1988, it was basically stable at an annual output of about 5 tons.

Manas Jasper produces both seed and mountain materials, as well as some mountain water. In view of the characteristics of jasper itself, the works with jasper as the raw material are mostly in the utensils, and the times are concentrated in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

In the mid-to-late 1990s, a group of jasper with a body volume of more than 3 to 4 tons was discovered in Xinjiang. Most of these jasper are mountain water. In my hand, there is a large jasper in this discovery, weighing 8.650 tons, which is extremely rare. This batch of jasper is lighter than the Manas traditional jasper, the texture is fine and uniform, and the oil is characteristic. Such jasper is only a batch, and there will be no output.

In 1975, a large jasper was mined in the red pit of the Manas River. The jade carving of the stone carving “Jianzheng Juzhen” by the Yangzhou Jade Factory was collected in the Chinese Arts and Crafts Museum in Fuxingmen, Beijing. This jasper material is produced in the Manas area of ​​Xinjiang, weighing more than 1,000 kilograms, 120 centimeters high, 90 centimeters wide and 60 centimeters thick. The color of the carvings is green and deep, and the jade is fine and natural.

2. Canadian Jasper: Canada Jasper is mainly produced in the mountains north of Vancouver in Canada. Its hardness is about 6.5 degrees Mohs. It is a kind of nephrite. It is not only the national treasure of Canada, but also the favorite of Empress Dowager Cixi in the Qing Dynasty. . Compared with Xinjiang Manas jade, it has the characteristics of large output, more uniform texture, large block size and bright colors. Due to the supply of raw materials, China imported hundreds of tons of Canadian jasper from Canada in the 1980s and 1990s. This batch of jasper has the characteristics of large volume, less splitting and bright color. This batch of jasper makes up the raw materials of jasper in mainland China. Insufficient supply, due to the mountain material, the output of Canadian Jasper is very large, 4 to 5 tons per piece. Beijing, Yangzhou and Henan have produced a batch of jade carvings made from this material. Most of these works are large in size and complete in texture.

3. Qinghai Jasper: Around 2000, a batch of jasper was discovered in the river terrace of the Mangya area where Qinghai and Tibet bordered China. This batch of jasper seed has good roundness and large volume, and its weight ranges from 10 kilograms to several tons. Mangyu jasper is characterized by a skin shell with a thickness of a few centimeters to a thickness of 10 centimeters. The color of the skin has a clear boundary with the flesh. The color of the jasper jasper is grayish green, with black spots, less splitting, and poor jade quality.

4. Russian Jasper: For Jasper, around 2000 is an important period. At this stage, Russian Jasper entered our field of vision as a very high quality variety. Russian jade origins are mainly distributed in the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk region, Kraskriyask region, Ural Mountains and other places.

Russian jasper raw materials are in the form of primary minerals. These mountain materials are large in volume, good in jade quality, less cleft, less black spots, and more beautiful colors. A large part of them reach the "jewelry grade" jasper. These jasper are made into a large number of bracelets. Beads and handles make up for the lack of high quality jasper in China. Since 1973, there are not many jasmine products produced in Xinjiang. At present, Russian Jasper is the main raw material used in Jasper in China.

5. New Zealand Jasper: Nephrite, produced in the valley near Kumara, in the west of New Zealand's South Island, is gravel-like. The shades are often green, dark green, dark green and black, and some have beautiful spinach green (deeper than emerald, with a gray hue) and transparency is generally good. The National Museum of the United States has a gravel of New Zealand jade weighing 7,000 pounds and beautiful green. New Zealand Jasper is characterized by less black spots, but the output is average. New Zealand Jasper is mainly made by local processors into a variety of jewelry.

In addition, with the discovery of geological exploration, there may be other origins of Jasper with different characteristics.

Melon pot

Jasper furnace

Interpretation of Jasper Collection

The white jade collection has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and it is not clear whether jasper is worth collecting a lot of people. In fact, although there is no white jade or topaz, jasper has its own collection characteristics, so there is no problem as a collectible. The main problem is to determine its own collection direction and collection path according to the characteristics of jasper.

Due to the basic characteristics of jasper mentioned above, the collection should also select related works according to the above characteristics, such as the mainstream of traditional jasper production - utensils, followed by the use of material features and skillful carving works. It should be said that the collection of jade articles is a double consideration of texture plus technology. This has been recognized by the jade collection industry and is also applicable to jasper. In addition, it is necessary to remind collectors that there are some rare varieties in Jasper, which are highly collectible. For example, it is generally believed that one of the basic characteristics of Jasper is that it contains black spots. In fact, some high-quality jasper itself has no black spots, beautiful colors, and excellent texture. It is a superior collection. For example, there is a cat-eye effect in Jasper that exhibits different color variations in different lighting conditions or at different viewing angles. This is different from our traditional jade knowledge, but it shows a unique Aesthetic and collection value is worthy of attention from collectors.

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