Application and development of fire sprinkler system technology in fire engineering

HC Fire Network News Abstract: At present, the automatic sprinkler system in the internationally recognized automatic fire extinguishing system is the leader, which has made great contributions to the fire engineering. This paper focuses on the analysis of the application technology of the automatic sprinkler, and introduces and forecasts the automatic The development of sprinkler systems and the clarification of their problems and solutions to promote the healthy development of sprinkler systems.

Keywords: fire engineering; automatic; sprinkler

At present, many public places in China only set up fire alarm systems, generally fires, only alarm function, and lack of automatic fire extinguishing function. Even if the fire brigade arrives, the fire at this moment is already very large, which is not conducive to subsequent fire fighting work, resulting in a larger Economic loss and casualties, the application of automatic sprinkler system, can have both alarm and fire extinguishing functions, has a high practical significance.

Although the technology of automatic sprinkler system in western developed countries is relatively perfect, the application of automatic sprinkler system technology is still immature due to the late introduction of China. From the point of view of the construction fire case, the relevant personnel investigated 321 fires, the use of automatic sprinkler system has 78 cases, accounting for 24.3%, and successful firefighting has 43 cases, accounting for 55.1%, far behind the western developed countries. Therefore, the research on automatic sprinkler systems still needs to be improved.

1 Application of fire sprinkler system technology in fire engineering

1.1 Application Status

The sprinkler system is an economical, safe and reliable fire extinguishing tool. With regard to its application scope and technical standards, China introduced the revised provisions of the “Code for Fire Protection of Building Design” as early as 2002, emphasizing that automatic sprinkler systems should be installed in public places such as entertainment, screening, entertainment, song and dance, and underground buildings.

At present, the fires that have been stopped by the sprinkler system are numerous, such as the fires in Shanghai Lianyi Building and the first department store, which were extinguished, and Pudong International Airport was spared. According to NFPA research statistics in the United States, building sprinkler systems can reduce the number of deaths by 1/3-2/3 and reduce property losses by 1/2-2/3. The system is cheap, accounting for about 1% of the total project cost. %-3% ​​or so.

1.2 Application of automatic sprinkler system in non-warehouse high clearance places

At present, China's non-warehouse high-level clearance space has sprung up, and the number of similar terminals and convention centers has been rising. Five automatic sprinkler systems are usually used here, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Comparison of several fire extinguishing methods

According to the provisions of China's standard "Code for Design of Automatic Sprinkler Systems", it can be seen that in the process of applying the traditional closed-type automatic sprinkler system in the 8-12m height non-warehouse high clearance space, the required area and strength are improved. For example, the self-selected shopping malls, multi-purpose gymnasiums, and convention centers, etc., belong to the fire hazard level II, but the area of ​​action is 160m2 and 8L/(min·m2) with water spray intensity and danger II degrees, but 300m2 and 12L (min·m2). ), increased by 87.5% and 50% respectively.

At present, the hotel atrium in large and medium-sized cities in China also uses automatic sprinkler systems. For example, in a hotel lobby in Shanghai, a Christmas tree about 13m high is on fire, and 37 nozzles are blasted in an instant, and the fire is extinguished.

Some scholars conducted a feasibility experiment on the automatic sprinkler system in the subway tunnel: the fire source point is located in the center of the tunnel, and the flue gas development on both sides is basically the same. The automatic sprinkler system can effectively reduce the average temperature of the tunnel and the temperature at the top of the tunnel. Protect the tunnel structure. The fire occurred for 14s, the nozzle began to spray water, the 30s smoke had a little disturbance, the upper layer of the 120s smoke layer was greatly disturbed, and the visibility was reduced. At this time, the personnel who had not escaped 80m in 120s were more dangerous, but the personnel escape speed was 1.3m / s, only need 60s to escape 80m, ample time to escape.

Secondly, the automatic sprinkler system can effectively reduce the temperature of the fire source point. The temperature of the fire source point of the automatic sprinkler system is close to 800 °C, and the compressive strength of the concrete drops sharply after it exceeds 600 °C, which easily causes the tunnel structure. collapse.

1.3 Residential buildings At present, automatic sprinkler systems are installed in high-rise buildings in many areas of China. Generally speaking, in the residential buildings, it is necessary to set up a sprinkler system scientifically and reasonably. There are several aspects to be noted:

1 The structure should be simple and suitable for residential places. For example, the composition of the automatic sprinkler system can be applied to different pipeline components, nozzles and water supply, and the connection of the domestic water supply pipe should avoid pollution. 2 Protection and safety as the main, supplemented by property protection, can reduce the toxic smoke density and fire field temperature after running the system, thus providing ideal conditions for evacuation. The nozzles currently used in residential areas mainly use special splash plate construction forms, which have excellent fire extinguishing performance, water distribution performance and action performance, such as average temperature, maximum temperature of the fire field and performance of wet wall surface, etc. rate. 3 Strengthen the system relationship, in the system operation process, try to ensure the system's effectiveness and reliability, to prevent system malfunction caused by irregular operation.

2 Disadvantages of fire sprinkler system technology

Although the sprinkler system has won wide acclaim in all walks of life, there are still many problems.

2.1 There are limitations in the installation location and application site. The automatic sprinkler system is usually used in self-rescue places. Therefore, it not only has the function of controlling fire, but also has the function of extinguishing fire. In the process of setting up the fire extinguishing system, the principle of people-oriented should be emphasized. In addition, the automatic sprinkler system is promoted. In addition, the water spray can effectively reduce the smoke effect of the fire, thus facilitating the safe evacuation of trapped personnel. Based on this, many buildings should be equipped with automatic sprinkler systems, such as public activities. Locations, industrial plants, and high-end residences, but current applications still have major limitations.

2.2 System design and maintenance Urgent need to strengthen the system design process, often the nozzle position is not standardized, to a certain extent, the sprinkler system sprinkler system is not only sprinkler components, but also the detection of fire temperature Components, scientific and reasonable nozzle layout and selection, will directly affect the effectiveness of the initial fire extinguishing. Secondly, the reliability of the system piping layout will lag far behind the fire hydrant water supply system, so the reliability of the fire water source needs to be strengthened. In the current automatic sprinkler system, routine maintenance management is extremely important. In the case of past failures of automatic sprinkler systems, the main cause of failure is the problem of water supply and incorrect valve closure. It is necessary to establish reasonable rules and regulations, and to ensure the maintenance, detection and operation of the automatic sprinkler system to meet the requirements of fire fighting, especially to ensure the "automatic" of the automatic sprinkler system.

3 Fire-fighting engineering sprinkler system technology development

3.1 The status of the water fire extinguishing system The improvement of the technology of the automatic sprinkler system also determines its position in the fire extinguishing system. To a certain extent, although the cost of the fire hydrant water supply system is relatively low, except for professional firefighters. It is difficult for ordinary people to use, and secondly, it is not as good as a sprinkler system in terms of fire extinguishing effect and speed of extinguishing a fire.

The above information indicates that fires usually occur in public places, hotels, restaurants, and shopping malls. However, due to the lag in the construction of urban fire-fighting equipment and the staleness of urban public fire-fighting facilities, fire accidents are prone to occur. Therefore, China’s water fire-fighting systems must be automated. The trend of sprinkler systems has evolved, and the simplified fire hose reel and fire hydrant ignition system have been assisted to enhance the design of the sprinkler system technology and to increase the scope of use.

3.2 Expansion in the field of fire protection

3.2.1 Providing a basis for fire protection design To a certain extent, the automatic sprinkler system can provide a theoretical basis for fire protection design, clarify the relationship between evacuation and property protection and automatic sprinkler systems, and strengthen the automatic sprinkler process and fire. The computer calculation and simulation of the model is used as a technical basis, and performance design is based on this. System technology is also designed to control and reduce the spread of fire smoke, and to gradually transform qualitative analysis into the direction of quantitative analysis. In addition, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic link between other fire protection measures and automatic sprinkler systems, such as Fire protection separation and fire compartments are coordinated to coordinate the fire protection configuration of the building.

3.2.2 Coordination and coordination of fire alarms determine the role of automatic sprinkler systems, transforming passive firefighting into a combination with active firefighting, especially in unattended areas, the application of automatic sprinkler systems is more effective, currently This is well illustrated in our revised norms.

3.2.3 Exerting other functions in fire extinguishing Take the high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system as an example. The principle of action is mainly dilution and cooling. Because of the large surface area of ​​the water mist, it can effectively absorb the heat generated in the fire. Secondly, a large amount of high-density water mist is suspended in the air, which can also reduce the concentration of oxygen. High-pressure water-absorbing mist can effectively replace gas and spray fire extinguishing agent. The advantages of high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing are small water droplets, high kinetic energy, and reduced water loss. In the process of extinguishing fire, it will not cause harm to the environment, property, equipment and personnel. At the same time, it also has a smoke reduction function. The rapid and safe evacuation of relevant personnel is one of the ideal methods in current automatic sprinkler systems.

3.3 Improve self-reliability and improve self-reliability. On the one hand, it can choose appropriate sprinkler methods for fire spread process, development and load. For example, large-drop nozzles, generator rooms, communication rooms, etc. can apply high-pressure water mist system. The sprinkler system can be applied to urban residential houses. On the other hand, the reliability of feed water can be improved. For example, the water distribution main pipe can be arranged into a ring pipe network, and the water flow indicator can be referenced to a mesh or ring arrangement to improve the water supply. Sex.

4 Summary

In summary, the automatic sprinkler system technology plays an important role in the current fire engineering. Experimental research has shown that the automatic sprinkler system can provide sufficient escape time for escape personnel and protect the concrete structure of the building. Strength to avoid casualties caused by rapid collapse. It is believed that with the continuous improvement and application of technology, improving its application range will effectively reduce the incidence of fire accidents and ensure the safety of national life and property.

references:

Yin Qijia.Technology Improvement of Automatic Sprinkler System for Fire Engineering[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2013,9(9):290.

Zhao Wei.Technology Improvement of Fire Sprinkler System in Fire Engineering[J].Commodity & Quality·Architecture & Development,2014(1):473.

Wang Dongkui.Discussion on the technology and development direction of automatic sprinkler system in fire protection engineering[J].企业导报,2014(19):106-107.

Editor in charge: Lu Hao